Lima, the capital of Peru, is home to 30% of the country’s population, making it the most populated city. In pre-Hispanic times, the area was inhabited by the Maranga and Lima cultures, later conquered by the Wari Empire. Significant constructions like Mateo Salado, Pucllana, and Huallamarca date back to this period. During the colonial era, Spanish-inspired architecture was prominent, such as the Plaza de Armas, designed by Francisco Pizarro. Lima’s strategic location favored commerce while being safe from pirate attacks due to its distance from the sea.